Once a vocal supporter of Israel, Giorgia Meloni has increasingly distanced herself from Netanyahu’s government, citing civilian casualties and “disproportionate force” in Gaza as reasons for a policy rethink.
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has come under scrutiny for what observers describe as a notable evolution in her government’s position on the Gaza conflict, moving from staunch backing of Israel to pointed criticism and concrete policy adjustments.
In a move that has drawn both praise and sharp rebukes, Meloni announced the suspension of Italy’s 20-year defence cooperation agreement with Israel in mid-April, citing “the current situation” in Gaza. The decision marks a departure from her earlier unqualified support for Israel following the October 7, 2023 attacks.
From Ally to Critic: Meloni’s Shift on Gaza Policy:
Meloni, long viewed as one of Israel’s closest partners in Europe, has in recent months accused Israeli forces of crossing a “red line” in Gaza. She has publicly condemned what she described as disproportionate military operations resulting in a “slaughter of civilians” and violations of international humanitarian law.
At the United Nations General Assembly last year, Meloni indicated Italy would support certain European Union sanctions against Israel, further signalling a policy recalibration under domestic and international pressure.
The Italian leader has also faced accusations at home of “complicity in genocide” through continued political alignment with Israel, prompting defensive responses from her government.
Suspension of defence agreement:
The non-renewal of the bilateral defence pact-which is typically renewed every five years-represents a tangible diplomatic step. Italian officials have framed the suspension as a response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where Palestinian health authorities report tens of thousands of deaths, the majority civilians, including many women and children.
The decision drew a sharp rebuke from US President Donald Trump, highlighting strains in transatlantic relations amid broader Middle East tensions involving Iran.
Meloni Faces Pressure as Gaza Stance Divides Italy:
Meloni’s shifting rhetoric has exposed divisions within her right-wing coalition and Italian society. While right-wing supporters accuse her of betraying a key ally, opposition parties and civil society groups have welcomed the moves as long-overdue accountability.
Protests in Italian cities have repeatedly called for stronger action, including full recognition of a Palestinian state and an arms embargo. Meloni has stopped short of endorsing full recognition without conditions, such as the release of Israeli hostages and the exclusion of Hamas from future governance.
As the Gaza crisis enters its third year with no permanent ceasefire in sight, Meloni’s government faces the challenge of balancing alliances with Washington and Tel Aviv against mounting domestic calls for a more balanced and principled foreign policy.